| 1 | Calculate the total cost of ownership | Three-year project cost for a 10,000 m² site, 500 tags and 40 infrastructure units | Hardware: $48,000 Installation: $16,000 Integration: $12,000 Software and support: $20,000 per year Training and network upgrades: $12,000 Estimated three-year subtotal: $168,000 Contingency at 10%: $16,800 Estimated three-year TCO: $184,800 | Use the formula: TCO = Initial deployment cost + recurring fees + maintenance + battery replacement + integration + contingency. Include labor, cabling, power, calibration and decommissioning costs. | Select a solution only when the three-year TCO fits the approved budget and recurring costs are clearly defined. |
| 2 | Verify location accuracy in the real environment | Horizontal position error in open areas, aisles and obstruction-heavy zones | Target accuracy: 0.3–1.0 m for general asset tracking Test sample: at least 30 fixed reference points Test conditions: line-of-sight, metal racks, walls and moving equipment | Place a tag at surveyed reference points, collect at least 100 readings per point and calculate median error, 95th-percentile error and maximum error. | At least 95% of readings should remain within the accuracy required by the use case, such as 1 m for zone-level asset management. |
| 3 | Test latency and update rate | Time from tag movement to display or API update | Update interval: 1–5 seconds End-to-end latency target: no more than 2 seconds for safety or workflow alerts Test load: 100 moving tags and 400 stationary tags | Synchronize tag movement, gateway reception, location-engine processing and application display. Record average, 95th-percentile and peak latency. | The measured 95th-percentile latency should meet the operational requirement during normal traffic and peak tag activity. |
| 4 | Evaluate coverage and signal resilience | Coverage percentage, dead zones, interference tolerance and behavior around metal | Site coverage target: at least 95% of usable operating areas High-risk areas: loading bays, cold rooms, elevators, metal storage and crowded production lines Availability target: at least 99.5% during operating hours | Walk-test the entire site with a tagged device. Repeat the test during normal operations and record missed updates, unstable positions and disconnected infrastructure units. | No critical workflow area should contain a persistent dead zone. Any uncovered area must have a documented mitigation plan. |
| 5 | Check battery life and maintenance workload | Battery life under the selected reporting interval and replacement labor | Typical planning range: 12–36 months, depending on tag size, transmission rate and motion frequency Example fleet: 500 tags Annual replacement allowance: 15–25% of the tag fleet | Operate representative tags at the planned update rate and temperature range. Measure current consumption and estimate service life using the manufacturer’s published battery capacity. | Battery life should meet the maintenance schedule, with low-battery alerts available at least 30 days before expected replacement. |
| 6 | Confirm scalability and integration capability | Concurrent tags, event throughput, API performance and expansion effort | Initial deployment: 500 tags Expansion scenario: 2,000 tags across four zones Required interfaces: REST API, webhooks, event export and role-based access control | Run a load test with at least four times the initial tag count. Measure event loss, processing delay, API response time and infrastructure utilization. | The system should support the expansion scenario without redesigning the architecture or exceeding the agreed latency and availability limits. |
| 7 | Run a time-limited proof of concept | Operational value, user adoption, false alarms and measurable process improvement | Pilot duration: 2–4 weeks Pilot scope: 50–100 tags and one representative operating area Suggested metrics: search time, process cycle time, missed-location rate and alert precision | Compare baseline results with pilot results. Interview operators, record support incidents and calculate benefits using actual labor hours, avoided delays and recovered assets. | Proceed only if technical acceptance criteria are met and the measured operational benefit supports the calculated TCO and payback target. |